ABSTRACT
A adoção de uma alimentação saudável auxilia no controle e mortalidade por Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Uma alimentação mais saudável pode ser alcançada pela prática de dietas especiais, que podem ser adotadas devido ao diagnóstico de algumas doenças. Conhecer o percentual de quem faz dietas especiais pode ser útil para o monitoramento do cuidado e enfrentamento das DCNT no Brasil. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou estimar a prevalência do uso de dieta especial na população brasileira segundo tipos de dieta, variáveis sociodemográficas e estado nutricional. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo utilizando dados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação (INA) 2017/2018 (n=46.164 indivíduos com 10 anos ou mais de idade). Os participantes foram questionados se estavam fazendo alguma dieta especial, e para qual finalidade. Foram obtidas as prevalências de prática de dietas de acordo com características sociodemográficas, estado nutricional, uso de sal, açúcar e adoçante de adição, e suplementos nutricionais. Para o cálculo das estimativas, foi utilizado o Software R versão 4.1.0 considerando a complexidade da amostra e os fatores de expansão. Entre a população estudada (n=46.164 indivíduos), 14,3% afirmaram realizar algum tipo de dieta. Quando comparado por sexo, a prevalência foi maior entre as mulheres (17,8%) do que entre os homens (9,6%), sendo a dieta para pressão alta mais prevalente nos homens (3,7%) e a dieta para emagrecer mais prevalente nas mulheres (7,4%). O uso de dietas foi maior entre idosos (homens: 22,4%; mulheres: 31,2%) e obesos (homens: 13,2%; mulheres: 26,0%), para todos os tipos de dietas, e menor entre indivíduos de menor renda (homens: 4,3% vs. 20,4% maior renda; mulheres: 10% vs. 26,1% maior renda) e menor escolaridade (homens: 6,7% vs. 23,6% com maior escolaridade; mulheres: 11,9% vs. 23,9% com maior escolaridade). Os indivíduos que relataram realizar dieta, comparados com os que não relataram, apresentaram menor prevalência de consumo de sal (homens: 12,0% vs. 15,5%; mulheres: 9,6% vs. 12,6%) e açúcar de adição (homens: 53,1% vs. 85,4%; mulheres: 51,1% vs. 81,9%) e maior prevalência de consumo de suplementos nutricionais (homens: 32,2% vs. 13,7%; mulheres: 38,6% vs. 19,2%). O uso de dietas foi maior entre as mulheres, idosos e obesos, e menor entre indivíduos de menor renda e menor escolaridade para todos os tipos de dieta. Embora as DCNTs sejam mais frequentes entre os indivíduos de menor renda e menor escolaridade, o uso de dietas especiais foi menos frequente neste grupo.
The adoption of a healthy diet helps in the control and mortality from Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). A healthier diet can be achieved by the practice of special diets, which can be adopted due to the diagnosis of some diseases. Knowing the percentage of those on special diets can be useful for monitoring the care and coping with NCDs in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of special diet use in the Brazilian population according to types of diet, sociodemographic variables and nutritional status. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study using data from the National Food Survey (INA) 2017/2018 (n=46,164 individuals aged 10 years and over). Participants were asked if they were on a special diet, and for what purpose. Prevalence of diet practices were obtained according to sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, use of salt, sugar and added sweeteners, and nutritional supplements. To calculate the estimates, Software R version 4.1.0 was used, considering the complexity of the sample and the expansion factors. Among the population studied (n=46,164 individuals), 14.3% stated that they were on some type of diet. When compared by sex, the prevalence was higher among women (17.8%) than among men (9.6%), with the diet for high blood pressure being more prevalent in men (3.7%) and the diet for weight loss more prevalent in women (7.4%). Diet use was higher among the elderly (men: 22.4%; women: 31.2%) and obese (men: 13.2%; women: 26.0%), for all types of diets, and lower among individuals with lower income (men: 4.3% vs. 20.4% higher income; women: 10% vs. 26.1% higher income) and less educated (men: 6.7% vs. 23.6% with higher education; women: 11.9% vs. 23.9% with higher education). Individuals who reported dieting, compared with those who did not, had a lower prevalence of salt consumption (men: 12.0% vs. 15.5%; women: 9.6% vs. 12.6%) and sugar addiction (men: 53.1% vs. 85.4%; women: 51.1% vs. 81.9%) and a higher prevalence of consumption of nutritional supplements (men: 32.2% vs. 13.7% ; women: 38.6% vs. 19.2%). The use of diets was higher among women, elderly and obese, and lower among individuals with lower income and lower education for all types of diet. Although CNCDs are more frequent among individuals with lower income and lower education, the use of special diets was less frequent in this group.
Subject(s)
Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet Therapy , FoodABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the chronic refractory inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of IBD has not been fully elucidated, there is increasing evidence that various environmental factors, including dietary nutrition, play an important role in the occurrence and development of the disease. Dietary nutrition has the effect on modulating the gut microbiome and regulating immune system, and even shows potential influence on epigenetic regulations. Therefore, diet has raised great research interest as a therapeutic tool to improve the disease course, due to its fewer side effects. Here is a review of the role of dietary nutrients in the development and treatment of IBD, with emphasis on fiber, fat, vitamin D, zinc, selenium and three specific dietary patterns considered applicable to the management of IBD therapy, namely the special carbohydrate diet, the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyol diet, and the Mediterranean diet.
ABSTRACT
Background: Oral cancer being one of the most common malignancies in the low-income group in India. It usually presents in an advanced stage limiting treatment options. The mainstays of treatment being surgery and radiotherapy both being lifestyle changing procedures. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of life for oral cancer survivors after surgery in comparison with radiotherapy using ICF questionnaire Materials and methods: Oral cancer patients who underwent surgery (25 patients) and Radiotherapy (25 patients) in Stanley medical college for stage 1 and stage 2 lesions of oral carcinoma for past 3 Years (2013-2015) were enrolled. Results: The study showed that surgery as primary therapy provided a better quality of life than radiotherapy alone in the treatment of oral cancer patients. Conclusion: After comparing the results primary surgery for oral malignancy seems to be the treatment of choice as long as the tumor is amenable to surgical resection. Radiotherapy though resulting in a lower quality of life is very efficacious for unresectable tumors.